Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
: Ordine di Vietata Legittimità/
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Cana ...
: Orden de la Legitimidad Proscrita) is a Parmese
dynastic order of knighthood
A dynastic order, monarchical order, or house order is an order under royal patronage. Such an order is bestowed by, as a legitimate , a sovereign or the head of a once-sovereign ruling family. These are often considered part of the cultural pat ...
originally awarded by the
House of Bourbon-Parma
The House of Bourbon-Parma ( it, Casa di Borbone di Parma) is a cadet branch of the Spanish royal family, whose members once ruled as King of Etruria and as Duke of Parma and Piacenza, Guastalla, and Lucca. The House descended from the French ...
to
Carlist
Carlism ( eu, Karlismo; ca, Carlisme; ; ) is a Traditionalism (Spain), Traditionalist and Legitimists (disambiguation), Legitimist political movement in Spain aimed at establishing an alternative branch of the House of Bourbon, Bourbon dynasty ...
Spanish throne
, coatofarms = File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Spanish_Monarch.svg
, coatofarms_article = Coat of arms of the King of Spain
, image = Felipe_VI_in_2020_(cropped).jpg
, incumbent = Felipe VI
, incumbentsince = 19 Ju ...
and a Legitimist claimant to the
French throne
France was ruled by Monarch, monarchs from the establishment of the West Francia, Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.
Classical French historiography usually regards Cl ...
, for rewarding loyalists of the Carlist movement. In modern times, there are two branches of the Order. One branch's Grand Master is
The Order of Prohibited Legitimacy was created on 16 April 1923 by Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma; in Paris, he sent a letter to his political secretary José Selva Mergelina, 5th Marquis de Villores, explaining his creation of the order stating that it served to recognize "all those who by their sufferings or services become worthy of it." The Marquis de Villores was decorated with the Order soon after. By a Royal Decree on 8 December 1923, he granted it to Carlist loyalist youths and Julio de Urquijo e Ibarra, Count of Urquijo in Madrid.
Since the death of Jaime, the claimants to the Carlist dynastic legitimacy have acted as Grand Masters of the Order. Jaime was succeeded as Sovereign of the Order by his cousin, Alfonso Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este in 1931. Alfonso died in 1936 without any male heir. His wife,
Infanta Maria das Neves of Portugal
, image =Princess Maria das Neves of Bourbon (1877) - Adele, Graben19, Wien.png
, image_size =225px
, caption =
, birth_date =
, birth_place = Kleinheubach
, death_date =
, death_place = Vienna, Nazi Austria
, burial_place = Puchheim ...
Titoist
Titoism is a political philosophy most closely associated with Josip Broz Tito during the Cold War. It is characterized by a broad Yugoslav identity, workers' self-management, a political separation from the Soviet Union, and leadership in the ...
socialism in the 1970s and sought to reform the
Carlist Party
The Carlist Party ( es, Partido Carlista, ca, Partit Carlí, eu, Karlista Alderdia, gl, Partido Carlista, ast, Partíu Carlista; PC) is a Spanish political party that considers itself as a successor to the historical tradition of Carlism. ...
. In 1979 he renounced his Carlist claims. In response, his traditionalist brother
Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma
Prince Sixtus Henry of Bourbon-Parma ( es, link=no, Don Sixto Enrique de Borbón-Parma y Borbón-Busset; it, Sisto Enrico di Borbone Parma; born 22 July 1940), known as Enrique V by supporters, is considered Regent of Spain by some Carlists who ...
, established himself as the Grand Master of the Order. In 2003, while in France, Prince Carlos Hugo re-asserted his Carlist claims and assumed the title
Count of Montemolin
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...
, also bestowing the Carlist titles
Duke of Madrid
This is a list of the 149 present and extant royal and non-royal dukes in the peerage of the Spain, Kingdom of Spain.
The oldest six titles – created between 1380 and 1476 – were Duke of Medina Sidonia (1380), Duke of Alburquerque (1464), D ...
, Duke of San Jaime, and Duchess of Guernica upon his children. He reestablished himself as the Grand Master of the Order of Prohibited Legitimacy. His brother, Prince Sixtus Henry, and the supporters of his brother did not recognize the claim made by Carlos Hugo. Therefore, the order maintains two branches, one headed by Prince Sixtus Henry and the other by Prince Carlos Henry's successor,
Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma
Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma and Piacenzagentlemen
A gentleman (Old French: ''gentilz hom'', gentle + man) is any man of good and courteous conduct. Originally, ''gentleman'' was the lowest rank of the landed gentry of England, ranking below an esquire and above a yeoman; by definition, the ra ...
, and is decorated with a small rosette for officers and a large rosette for commanders.
Recipients
Grand Masters
*
Infante Jaime, Duke of Madrid
Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma, known as Duke of Madrid and as Jacques de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou in France (27 June 1870 – 2 October 1931), was the Carlism, Carlist claimant to the Line of succession to the Spanish throne, throne of Sp ...
(1923-1931)
*
Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime
Infante Alfonso Carlos of Spain, Duke of San Jaime (Alfonso Carlos Fernando José Juan Pío; 12 September 1849, in London – 29 September 1936, in Vienna) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain under the name Alfonso Carlos I; some Fr ...
Esteban de Bilbao Eguía
Esteban de Bilbao Eguía (11 January 1879 – 23 September 1970) was a Spanish politician during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.
Family and youth
Esteban Martín Higinio de Bilbao Eguía was born to a Basque mid-range bourgeoisie fam ...
, Spanish Carlist and Francoist politician
*
Ramón del Valle-Inclán
Ramón María del Valle-Inclán y de la Peña (in Vilanova de Arousa, Galicia, Spain, 28 October 1866 – Santiago de Compostela, 5 January 1936) was a Spanish dramatist, novelist and member of the Spanish Generation of 98. He is considered per ...
, Spanish dramatist and novelist
*
Melchor Ferrer Dalmau
Melchor Ferrer Dalmau (1888–1965) was a Spanish historian and a Carlist militant. He is known mostly as principal author of a massive, 30-volume series titled ''Historia del tradicionalismo español'', considered fundamental work of reference fo ...
Dolores Gortázar Serantes
María Dolores de Gortázar Serantes (1872-1936) was a Spanish writer, journalist, education activist, feminist militant and political propagandist. In the 1910-1920s she enjoyed some popularity as a novelist; currently her literary contribution ...
Juan María Bordaberry
Juan María Bordaberry Arocena (; 17 June 1928 – 17 July 2011) was a Uruguayan politician and cattle rancher, who served as constitutional President from 1972 until 1973, and then ruled as the head of a civilian-military dictatorship up t ...
Princess Marie des Neiges of Bourbon-Parma
Princess Marie des Neiges Madeleine Françoise of Bourbon-Parma, Countess of Castillo de la Mota (Spanish: ''María de las Nieves de Borbón-Parma'', French: ''Marie des Neiges de Bourbon-Parme''; born 29 April 1937) is a French aristocrat, orn ...